Juniper berries are traditionally used in winter cooking and are also used in the production of spirits. However, caution is advised when using them because the trees contain toxic essential oils. Depending on the species, these have different concentrations.
Is the juniper poisonous?
Juniper berries can be eaten in moderation and are often used as a spice. However, the plant parts, especially the essential oils, are toxic and can cause skin irritation or organ damage if consumed in large quantities.
Poisonousness of Juniperus species
All species in the genus contain essential oils that are classified as poisonous. They are composed of various hydrocarbons and secondary plant substances that can cause irritation when they come into contact with the skin. If poisonous fruits or parts of plants are consumed, various symptoms can occur.
Consumption leads to:
- Pain in the kidneys
- Liver damage
- increased cardiac activity
- faster breathing
Common Juniper
In contrast to related Juniperus species, not all plant parts of Juniperus communis but rather fruits and needles are slightly poisonous. The concentration of toxic essential oils varies depending on the ripeness. Therefore, the berries should only be used in small doses as a spice in dishes. Normally an adult has no problems with compatibility. If stomach pain or nausea occurs, increasing your fluid intake may help.
Sadebaum
This low-growing juniper is highly poisonous in all parts of the plant and especially in the shoot tips and fruits. In the past it often happened that the harvests of juniper berries were mixed with fruits of the Sade tree. These contaminated crops were used to make gin. To ensure that this no longer happens, state controls have been introduced, at least in Spain.
Sade tree essential oil contains higher concentrations of toxic active ingredients, so just a few drops of oil can cause death. Symptoms of poisoning can also occur when rubbed into the skin. A distinguishing feature is the unpleasant smell when the leaves are crushed.